O le kuata talu ai, na tuʻuina atu ai e le Matagaluega o Pisinisi, i le galulue faʻatasi ai ma le Pulega Lautele a le Ofisa o Tiute, se faʻasalalauga faʻatasi e puipuia ai le saogalemu ma mea e fiafia i ai le atunuʻu aʻo faʻataunuʻuina tiute faʻavaomalo e le faʻateleina. Faʻatasi ai ma le faʻatagaga a le Fono a le Setete, ua tuʻuina atu faiga faʻatonutonu faʻatau atu i fafo i mea e fesoʻotaʻi ma le tungsten, tellurium, bismuth, molybdenum, ma le indium. Aemaise lava, o mea e fesoʻotaʻi ma le tungsten e aofia ai le ammonium paratungstate, tungsten oxides, o nisi o tungsten carbide e le pulea, ituaiga faʻapitoa o tungsten malo (e le aofia ai granules poʻo paʻu), faʻapitoa tungsten-nickel-iron poʻo tungsten-nickel-copper alloys, ma faʻamaumauga ma tekinolosi e manaʻomia mo le gaosia o mea i lalo o tulafono faʻapitoa. 1C117.d). O kamupani uma e auina atu i fafo nei mea e tatau ona usitaia le Tulafono o le Fa'atauina Atu i fafo a le Malo o Saina ma Tulafono Fa'atonutonu mo le Fa'atauina Atu o Mea e Fa'aaoga Lua, talosaga ma maua mai pemita auina atu i fafo mai pulega agavaa o pisinisi a le Fono a le Setete. O lenei fa'asilasilaga e fa'amanaia vave ma fa'afou le Lisi Fa'atonu Fa'atau Atu o Mea Fa'aoga Lua a le Malo o Saina.
I. Tungsten-Tagata Mea
- 1C117.d. Mea e Fa'atatau i Tungsten:
- Ammonium paratungstate (HS Code: 2841801000);
- Tungsten oxides (HS Codes: 2825901200, 2825901910, 2825901920);
- Tungsten carbides e le pulea i lalo ole 1C226 (HS Code: 2849902000).
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- 1C117.c. Tungsten Malosi ma uiga uma nei:
- Tungsten mafiafia (e le aofia ai granules po'o pauta) ma so'o se mea nei:
- Tungsten poʻo tungsten alloys ma tungsten anotusi ≥97% i le mamafa, e le pulea i lalo o le 1C226 poʻo le 1C241 (HS Codes: 8101940001, 8101991001, 8101999001);
- Tungsten-apa apamemea ma tungsten anotusi ≥80% i le mamafa (HS Codes: 8101940001, 8101991001, 8101999001);
- Tungsten-silver alloys ma le tungsten content ≥80% ma le silver content ≥2% i le mamafa (HS Codes: 7106919001, 7106929001);
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- E mafai ona faʻapipiʻiina i soʻo se tasi o mea nei:
- Pa'u ma le lautele ≥120 mm ma le umi ≥50 mm;
- Tubes ma le lautele totonu ≥65 mm, mafiafia puipui ≥25 mm, ma le umi ≥50 mm;
- Poloka ma fua ≥120 mm × 120 mm × 50 mm.
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- 1C004. Tungsten-Nikeli-Iron po'o Tungsten-Nikel-Copper Alloys ma uiga uma nei:
- Malosi >17.5 g/cm³;
- Malosiaga e maua ai> 800 MPa;
- Malosiaga sili ona malosi> 1270 MPa;
- Elongation>8% (HS Codes: 8101940001, 8101991001, 8101999001).
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- 1E004, 1E101.b. Tekinolosi ma Faʻamatalaga mo le gaosia o mea i lalo ole 1C004, 1C117.c, 1C117.d (e aofia ai faʻamatalaga faʻagasologa, faʻasologa, ma polokalame masini).
II. Mea e Fa'atatau ile Tellurium
- 6C002.a. Metallic Tellurium (HS Code: 2804500001).
- 6C002.b. Nofofua po'o le Polycrystalline Tellurium Compound Products (e aofia ai mea fa'apipi'i po'o fa'ama'i epitaxial):
- Cadmium telluride (HS Codes: 2842902000, 3818009021);
- Cadmium zinc telluride (HS Codes: 2842909025, 3818009021);
- Mercury cadmium telluride (HS Codes: 2852100010, 3818009021).
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- 6E002. Tekinolosi ma Faʻamatalaga mo le gaosia o mea i lalo ole 6C002 (e aofia ai faʻamatalaga faʻasologa, faʻasologa, ma polokalame masini).
III. Mea e Fa'atatau i le Bismuth
- 6C001.a. Metallic Bismuth ma Oloa e le pulea i lalo ole 1C229, e aofia ai ae le faatapulaaina i ingots, poloka, lopa, granules, ma pauta (HS Codes: 8106101091, 8106101092, 8106101099, 8106109090, 8106109090, 8106109090, 8106109090, 810960, 8106109090, 810960 8106901099, 8106909090).
- 6C001.b. Bismuth Germanate (HS Code: 2841900041).
- 6C001.c. Triphenylbismuth (HS Code: 2931900032).
- 6C001.d. Tris(p-ethoxyphenyl)bismuth (HS Code: 2931900032).
- 6E001. Tekinolosi ma Faʻamatalaga mo le gaosia o mea i lalo ole 6C001 (e aofia ai faʻamatalaga faʻasologa, faʻasologa, ma polokalame masini).
IV. Mea e Fa'atatau ile Molybdenum
- 1C117.b. Molybdenum Powder: Molybdenum ma mea faʻapipiʻi faʻatasi ma mea e aofia ai molybdenum ≥97% i le mamafa ma le lapopoa ≤50 × 10⁻⁶ m (50 μm), faʻaaogaina mo le gaosiga o vaega faʻatau (HS Code: 8102100001).
- 1E101.b. Tekinolosi ma Faʻamatalaga mo le gaosia o mea i lalo ole 1C117.b (e aofia ai faʻamatalaga faʻasologa, faʻasologa, ma polokalame masini).
V. Mea e Fa'atatau ile Indium
- 3C004.a. Indium Phosphide (HS Code: 2853904051).
- 3C004.b. Trimethylindium (HS Code: 2931900032).
- 3C004.c. Triethylindium (HS Code: 2931900032).
- 3E004. Tekinolosi ma Faʻamatalaga mo le gaosia o mea i lalo ole 3C004 (e aofia ai faʻamatalaga faʻasologa, faʻasologa, ma polokalame masini).
Tungsten Export Controls e le o se fa'agata atoa
Tungsten fa'aulufale atu i fafo e le fa'atusaina ai le fa'asa atoa o le auina atu i fafo ae aofia ai faiga fa'ata'ita'i fa'atonutonu mo mea fa'apitoa e feso'otai i le tungsten. E tatau i tagata e auina atu i fafo nei mea ona talosaga mo pemita mai pulega agavaa tau pisinisi a le Fono a le Setete e tusa ai ma le Tulafono o le Pulea o Atunuu ma Tulafono Faatonutonu i le Faafoeina o Mea e Faaaoga Lua. E na'o le usita'ia ma le fa'atagaina o oloa e fa'atagaina.
A'afiaga Fa'aletonu ile Maketi I totonu ole atunu'u
E tusa ai ma faʻamatalaga mai le Tungsten-Molybdenum Cloud Commerce Platform, faʻatau atu o ammonium paratungstate (APT), tungsten trioxide, ma tungsten carbide account mo se vaega iloga o le aofaʻi o le tungsten faʻatau atu:
- APT auina atu i fafo i le 2023 ma le 2024 e tusa ma le 803 tone ma le 782 tone, taʻitasi, e tusa ma le 4% o le aofaʻi o le tungsten faʻatau atu.
- Tungsten trioxide auina atu i fafo e tusa ma le 2,699 tone i le 2023 ma le 3,190 tone i le 2024, siitia mai le 14% i le 17% o le aofaʻi o oloa auina atu i fafo.
- Tungsten carbide auina atu i fafo e tusa ma le 4,433 tone i le 2023 ma le 4,147 tone i le 2024, o loʻo tumau pea se vaega e tusa ma le 22%.
O le fa'atinoina o le fa'atonuga o le fa'atauina atu o le tungsten o le a tu'uina atu ai nei mea i le va'aiga fa'apitoa ma fa'atagaga, e ono a'afia ai galuega a nisi o fa'atau oloa. Ae ui i lea, ona o le faʻatapulaʻaina o sea o nei mea faʻatonutonu i le aofaʻi o le tungsten auina atu i fafo, o le aʻafiaga lautele i luga o le maketi tungsten maketi i totonu o le atunuʻu o loʻo manaʻomia ma le faʻatupulaia o tau e faʻamoemoe e laʻititi. O lenei faiga fa'avae e mafai fo'i ona fa'amalosia ai atina'e e taula'i i faiga fa'atekonolosi fou ma le lelei o oloa ina ia fa'amalieina mana'oga maketi i totonu ma atunu'u.
Taua Taua ole Tungsten
O le maualuga o le liusuavai o le Tungsten, ma'a'a, amio, ma le fa'afefeteina e matua taua tele i pisinisi a le lalolagi. I le gaosiga o uʻamea, tungsten faʻaleleia le malosi, faigata, ma le ofuina o le teteʻe, faʻaaogaina lautele i masini ma fausiaina. I mea fa'aeletonika, ose mea taua mo vaega, ta'ita'i fa'atasi, ma filaments masani. I le aerospace, tungsten alloys e taua tele mo afi afi ma roketi nozzles, lagolago suʻesuʻega avanoa. Ile militeri, tungsten alloys e taua tele mo mea e tu'ia ai ofutau, vaega o le fana, ma le ofutau, e aafia sa'o ai le malosi o le puipuiga o le atunuu. O le fa'amautinoaina o se sapalai tungsten fa'apitonu'u mautu e taua tele mo le saogalemu o le atunu'u.
Aafiaga Puupuu ma taimi Umi
I se taimi pu'upu'u, o le fa'atonutonuina o oloa auina atu i fafo o le a fa'aitiitia ai le sapalai o le tungsten a Saina i maketi o le lalolagi, e ono fa'alavelaveina ai le paleni o le sapalai-manaoga ua leva ona tu'u ma fa'aosoina ai le tau o le tungsten fa'avaomalo i luga ona o le malosi o manaoga i lalo. I se taimi umi, o nei faʻatonuga o le a faʻamalosia ai le faʻaleleia o fale gaosi oloa, faʻamalosia le faʻafaigaluegaina o R&D, faʻaogaina lelei o punaoa, ma le atinaʻeina o oloa maualuga e faʻaleleia ai le faatosinaga a Saina i le pisinisi tungsten.
Fa'amaumauga Tungsten Global
E tusa ai ma le USGS, o le lalolagi faʻaagaga tungsten i le 2023 e tusa ma le 4.4 miliona tone, i luga ole 15.79% i lea tausaga ma lea tausaga, ma Saina e 52.27% (2.3 miliona tone). O le gaosiga o le tungsten i le lalolagi e 78,000 tone, i lalo ole 2.26%, ma Saina e 80.77% (63,000 tone). O fa'amaumauga a aganu'u a Saina o lo'o fa'aalia ai le tele o oloa fa'atau atu i fafo, e aofia ai tungsten ores, tungstic acid, tungsten trioxide, tungsten carbides, ma oloa tungsten eseese. I le 2024, na faʻatau atu e Saina le 782.41 tone o le APT (lalo 2.53%, 4.06% o le aofaʻi o faʻatau atu), 3,189.96 tone o le tungsten trioxide (i luga 18.19%, 16.55% o le aofaʻi o oloa auina atu i fafo), ma le 4,146.76 tone o le tungsten 4. 21.52% o le aofa'i o oloa auina atu i fafo).
CHENGDU HUAXIN CEMENTED CARBIDE CO., LTD o se fa'apolofesa fa'atau oloa ma gaosi oloa tungsten carbide, e pei o carbide insert naifi mo fafie, carbide circular naifi mo tapa'a & sikaleti faamama tootoo slitting, naifi lapotopoto mo corugatted pepa malo slitting, tolu / pu sele fuifuifuivi, fuifui sele e tolu/pu. tipiina, fibre cutter blades mo pisinisi ie ma isi.
Faatasi ai ma le sili atu i le 25 tausaga le atinaʻe, ua faʻatau atu a matou oloa i US A, Rusia, Amerika i Saute, Initia, Turkey, Pakistan, Ausetalia, Asia i Saute ma isi. Faʻatasi ai ma tau sili ona lelei ma tauvaga, O matou uiga galue malosi ma le tali atu e faʻamaonia e matou tagata faʻatau. Ma matou te mananaʻo e faʻavae ni pisinisi fou faʻatasi ma tagata faʻatau fou.
Fa'afeso'ota'i i matou i aso nei ma o le ae fiafia i fa'amanuiaga o le lelei ma tautua mai a matou oloa!
Taimi meli: Iuni-04-2025
